Shloka 19

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

ततश्च तेषां पूर्वाह्ने मध्याह्ने च वितृप्तता ।

पुनस्तथेच्छतां तृप्तिरनायासेन साभवत् ॥

Transliteration

tataśca teṣāṃ pūrvāhne madhyāhne ca vitṛptatā /

punastathecchatāṃ tṛptiranāyāsena sābhavat

Translation

于是他们在上午与正午皆得满足；而且，对那些愿求者，满足也同样再度生起——无需任何劳作。

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then; thereafter
• tataḥ: Kāla/Anantarya (काल/अनन्तर)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (indeclinable adverb/क्रियाविशेषण)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-avyaya (समुच्चय)

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive/षष्ठी), Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन)

• pūrvāhne: in the forenoon
• pūrvāhne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrvāhna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (Locative/सप्तमी), Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: pūrva + ahna (forenoon)

• madhyāhne: at midday
• madhyāhne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhyāhna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (Locative/सप्तमी), Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: madhya + ahna (midday)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-avyaya (समुच्चय)

• vitṛptatā: satiation; satisfaction
• vitṛptatā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vi- (उपसर्ग) + tṛpta (कृदन्त; √tṛp (धातु) तृप् + क्त) + -tā (ताप्रत्यय)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana; abstract noun 'state of being satisfied'

• punaḥ: again
• punaḥ: Kāla/Anuvṛtti (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• tathā: thus; in that manner
• tathā: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• icchatām: of those who wished
• icchatām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √iṣ (धातु) (इष्)
• Form: Vartamāna-kṛdanta (present participle/शतृ) from √iṣ 'to desire', Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive/षष्ठी), Bahuvacana; 'of those desiring'

• tṛptiḥ: satisfaction
• tṛptiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tṛpti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana

• anāyāsena: without effort
• anāyāsena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: an- (नञ्) + āyāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana; 'without effort' (negated noun used adverbially)

• sā: that (she/it)
• sā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana; refers to tṛptiḥ

• abhavat: was; came to be
• abhavat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु) (भू)
• Form: Laṅ-lakāra (Imperfect/लङ्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd/प्रथम), Ekavacana, Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

Speakers

• Narrative voice within the Purana’s cosmological account

Key Themes

• Mythic abundance
• Effortlessness
• Siddhi-like fulfillment

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The passage contrasts an age of effortless provision with later ages of toil. It implies that as dharma wanes, beings lose ‘anāyāsa’ (effortless) support and must rely on labor and discipline.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Cosmological/epochal description (Sarga/Pratisarga framework), describing the qualities of a world-state.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Tṛpti on wishing’ can symbolize a mind whose sankalpa is immediately efficacious—an archetype of manifesting power later curtailed by Kāla.