Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 45, Shloka 52

Adhyaya 45 — Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

Sanskrit

गतिर्विसर्गो ह्यानन्दः शिल्पं वाक्यं च कर्म तत् ।

आकाशं शब्दमात्रन्तु स्पर्शमात्रं समाविशत् ॥

Transliteration

gatirvisargo hyānandaḥ śilpaṃ vākyañca karma tat / ākāśaṃ śabdamātrantu sparśamātraṃ samāviśat

Translation

运动、排泄、享乐、手工技艺与言语，是它们的作用。随后，唯具“声”一德的虚空（ākāśa），为唯具“触”之微细元素所渗入、所遍满。

Word by Word

• gatiḥ: movement
• gatiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• visargaḥ: excretion/discharge
• visargaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: visarga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• hi: indeed/for
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), causal/emphatic

• ānandaḥ: pleasure
• ānandaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ānanda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• śilpam: craft/skill
• śilpam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śilpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• vākyam: speech/utterance
• vākyam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• karma: action
• karma: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tat: that
• tat: Anuvāda/Pratyaya (अनुवाद/संबन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); demonstrative pronoun

• ākāśam: ether/space
• ākāśam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ākāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• śabda-mātram: having only sound
• śabda-mātram: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śabda (प्रातिपदिक) + mātra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); ‘only sound’ qualifying ākāśam

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), contrast/emphasis

• sparśa-mātram: only touch
• sparśa-mātram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sparśa (प्रातिपदिक) + mātra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• samāviśat: entered/pervaded
• samāviśat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: viś (धातु) + sam- (उपसर्ग)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

Speakers

• Not explicitly indicated in the provided excerpt (cosmology narration within the Purāṇic discourse)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sāṅkhya
• Karmendriya functions
• Mahābhūta evolution
• Guṇa accumulation
• Sarga

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse maps faculties to their functions, then returns to cosmogenesis: elements evolve by successive ‘impregnation’ with additional tanmātras. It implies that complexity arises by layered additions—useful as a contemplative model for how experience compounds.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: both the functional description of organs and the stepwise evolution of the gross elements.

What is the esoteric significance?

Ether as ‘sound-only’ becoming associated with touch suggests the first thickening of manifestation: vibration (sound) gains tangibility (touch). Symbolically, subtle intention becomes actionable presence.