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Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 37, Shloka 33

Adhyaya 37 — Cycle of Rebirth

Sanskrit

न्यूूनातिरिक्ततां याति पञ्चकेऽस्मिन् सुखासुखम् ।

यदि स्यान्म किन्न स्यादन्यस्थेऽपि हि तन्मयि ॥

Transliteration

nyūnātiriktatāṃ yāti pañcake ’smin sukhāsukham | yadi syān ma kin na syād anyasthe ’pi hi tan-mayi ||

Translation

乐与苦被发现为此五重聚合（具身之复合体）中的缺失或过度。若它们真实属于我，那么当我住于别处、与之分离之时，纵然我本性为觉知，它们为何不也同样为我而有？

Word by Word
न्यूनातिरिक्तताम्the state of deficiency-and-excess
न्यूनातिरिक्तताम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootन्यूनातिरिक्तता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—न्यून + अतिरिक्त (द्वन्द्व) + ता (भावप्रत्यय)
यातिgoes/attains
याति:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
पञ्चकेin the group of five
पञ्चके:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Masc/Neut), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)
सुखासुखम्pleasure and pain
सुखासुखम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसुख + असुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—सुख + असुख (द्वन्द्व)
यदिif
यदि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; शर्तार्थक-सम्बन्धबोधक (conditional conjunction)
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
माnot / let not
मा:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेधार्थक (prohibitive/negative particle)
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)
नnot
न:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
अन्यस्थेin something else/elsewhere
अन्यस्थे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्यस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—अन्य + स्थ (तत्पुरुष)
अपिalso/even
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधान/समुच्चयार्थक (also/even)
हिindeed/for
हि:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; हेत्वर्थक/निश्चयार्थक (indeed/for)
तन्मयिin that-constituted (in that)
तन्मयि:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतन्मय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—तत् + मय (तत्पुरुष)
Speakers
Philosophical speaker within the dialogue (Advaitic self-inquiry voice; exact named speaker not provided in the excerpt)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "jnana", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
Ātman distinct from body-mindSukha-duḥkha as properties of the aggregateDispassion (vairāgya)Yoga/Vedānta-style inquiry

FAQs

Pleasure and pain fluctuate due to conditions in the embodied complex; therefore one should not claim them as the Self. Ethically, this supports equanimity and reduced attachment/aversion.

Not a pañcalakṣaṇa topic (sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita); it belongs to upadeśa (instruction) embedded in narrative dialogue.

‘Deficiency/excess’ hints that sukha-duḥkha are measurable modifications (vikāra) of the kośa-complex; the witnessing Self is non-quantifiable and thus not their locus.

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