Shloka 2

Adhyaya 37 — Alarka’s Crisis and the Teaching on Non-Attachment (Madālasa’s Instruction Recalled)

Sanskrit

दुष्टैषु दण्डं शिष्टेषु सम्यक्च परिपालनम् ।

कुर्वन् परां मुदं लेभे इयाज च महामखैः ॥

Transliteration

duṣṭaiṣu daṇḍaṃ śiṣṭeṣu samyak ca paripālanam | kurvan parāṃ mudaṃ lebhe iyāja ca mahāmakhaiḥ

Translation

他惩治恶人，正当地护佑善行之众；由此获得大欢喜，并以宏伟仪轨举行祭祀（yajña）。

Word by Word

• duṣṭeṣu: among the wicked
• duṣṭeṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duṣṭa (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुँल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन; ‘among the wicked’

• daṇḍam: punishment
• daṇḍam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुँल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• śiṣṭeṣu: among the virtuous
• śiṣṭeṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śiṣṭa (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुँल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; ‘among the good/learned’

• samyak: properly
• samyak: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samyak (अव्यय)
• Form: रीतिवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: properly)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• paripālanam: protection/maintenance
• paripālanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paripālana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• kurvan: doing
• kurvan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान-कृदन्त (present participle), पुँल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘doing’

• parām: great/supreme
• parām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (of mudam)

• mudam: joy
• mudam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mud (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• lebhe: obtained
• lebhe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √labh (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद

• iyāja: performed sacrifice
• iyāja: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yaj (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• mahā-makhaiḥ: with great sacrifices
• mahā-makhaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + makha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास: ‘महान् मखः’ (great sacrifice); पुँल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन

Speakers

• Jaḍa (narrator)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Danda-nīti
• Protection of the righteous
• Vedic sacrifice (yajña)
• Rajadharma

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The king’s dharma is twofold: restraint of harm through punishment and nurturing of virtue through protection; public order and ritual prosperity are shown as mutually reinforcing.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita: royal conduct and its outcomes; secondarily reflects dharma and ritual culture rather than sarga/manvantara.

What is the esoteric significance?

Daṇḍa and yajña can be read symbolically as inner disciplines: cutting down vice (daṇḍa) and offering egoic tendencies into the ‘fire’ of discernment (yajña).