Shloka 52

Adhyaya 21 — Householder's Dharma

Sanskrit

त्वाञ्चैवानुप्रविष्टोऽहमिमं प्रासादमुत्तमम् ।

इत्येतत्कथितं सत्यं न देवोऽहं न दानवः ॥

Transliteration

tvāñcaivānupraviṣṭo 'hamimaṃ prāsādamuttamam / ityetat kathitaṃ satyaṃ na devo 'haṃ na dānavaḥ

Translation

“我随你而行，进入这座殊胜宫殿。这便是我所陈述的真实：我既非天神，亦非阿修罗。”

Word by Word

• tvām: you
• tvām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; ‘you’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (अवधारण-अव्यय)

• anupraviṣṭaḥ: having entered
• anupraviṣṭaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu + pra + √viś (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Masculine (पुं), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ‘having entered/followed in’

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ‘I’

• imam: this
• imam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally (सर्वनाम-विशेषण), Masculine (पुं), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; ‘this’

• prāsādam: palace/mansion
• prāsādam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prāsāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुं), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• uttamam: excellent
• uttamam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुं), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; superlative sense ‘excellent’

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)

• etat: this (statement)
• etat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Demonstrative pronoun (सर्वनाम), Neuter (नपुंसक), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular; ‘this’

• kathitam: told
• kathitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kath (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Neuter (नपुंसक), Nominative/Accusative, Singular; ‘told/said’

• satyam: true
• satyam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: satya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसक), Nominative/Accusative, Singular; used predicatively ‘true’

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• devaḥ: a god
• devaḥ: Pratijñā/Predicate nominal (विशेष्य-प्रत्यय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुं), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• na: nor/not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• dānavaḥ: a demon (Dānava)
• dānavaḥ: Pratijñā/Predicate nominal (विशेष्य-प्रत्यय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dānava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुं), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

Speakers

• Kuvalayāśva

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Truth statement (satya)
• Reassurance
• Human identity vs superhuman suspicion

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse emphasizes satya and non-threatening self-presentation: when fear or suspicion arises, clarity about one’s intentions and nature is itself dharma.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ākhyāna. It is situational narration, not cosmological enumeration.

What is the esoteric significance?

Denying ‘deva’ and ‘dānava’ marks a middle path: the human arena is where dharma is chosen through effort, not guaranteed by innate divinity or doomed by demonic nature.