Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 15, Shloka 40

Adhyaya 15 — Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

Sanskrit

नैष्ठुर्यं निर्घृणत्वञ्च परदारोपसेवनम् । परस्वहरणाशौचं देवतानाञ्च कुत्सनम् ॥

Transliteration

naiṣṭhuryaṃ nirghṛṇatvañ ca paradāropasevanam / parasva-haraṇāśaucaṃ devatānāñ ca kutsanam

Translation

粗暴、无慈悲、与他人妻子私通、盗取他人财物、不净，以及辱骂诸天神祇——这些皆为所谴责。

Word by Word

• नैष्ठुर्यम्: harshness/cruelty
• नैष्ठुर्यम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नैष्ठुर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• निर्घृणत्वम्: mercilessness
• निर्घृणत्वम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्घृणत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• पर-दार-उपसेवनम्: consorting with another's wife
• पर-दार-उपसेवनम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक) + दार (प्रातिपदिक) + उपसेवन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• पर-स्व-हरण-अशौचम्: impurity from stealing others' property
• पर-स्व-हरण-अशौचम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक) + स्व (प्रातिपदिक) + हरण (प्रातिपदिक) + अशौच (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• देवतानाम्: of the deities
• देवतानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• कुत्सनम्: reviling/denigration
• कुत्सनम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुत्सन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devatās (general)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ethics (sexual, property, speech)
• Aśauca (purity norms)
• Respect toward deities

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is articulated as restraint in multiple domains: compassion (opposed to cruelty), fidelity (opposed to adultery), honesty (opposed to theft), purity (opposed to aśauca), and reverence (opposed to blasphemy).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Normative ethical catalogue; not a pancalakṣaṇa narrative element.

What is the esoteric significance?

These items map to ‘pollutions’ of speech, heart, desire, and action—inner impurities that obstruct sacrificial life and devotion, regardless of external ritual performance.