Shloka 12
Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Inquiry and Sañjaya’s Etymologies of Kṛṣṇa’s Names
Puruṣottama-nāma-nirvacana
Devanagari script
जानात्येष हृषीकेशं पुराणं यच्च वै परम् । शुश्रूषमाणमेकाग्रं मोक्ष्यते महतो भयात्
Translation
“这三阇耶知晓赫利希凯沙（克里希那）——那位太古之人，也知晓祂至上的真理。若你专心一意聆听他的话，他将使你脱离大怖畏。”
Word by Word
जानातिknows
जानाति:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (जानाति)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एषःthis (person)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हृषीकेशम्Hrishikesha (Krishna)
हृषीकेशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootहृषीकेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुराणम्ancient, primeval
पुराणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुराण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यत्which/that (thing)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun (Relative)
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
परम्supreme
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
शुश्रूषमाणम्eagerly listening/attending
शुश्रूषमाणम्:
TypeVerb (Participle)
Rootशुश्रूष (desiderative of श्रु)
FormPresent active participle (Parasmaipada), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
एकाग्रम्single-pointed, concentrated
एकाग्रम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootएकाग्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मोक्ष्यतेwill be released
मोक्ष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच् (मोक्ष्यते)
FormFuture (Lrt), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
महतःfrom great
महतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
भयात्from fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
सञ्जयO Sanjaya
सञ्जय:
TypeNoun (Proper, Vocative)
Rootसञ्जय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
व्यास उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes