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Shloka 13

हंस–साध्यसंवादः, वाक्-निग्रहः, महाकुल-लक्षणम्, शान्ति-उपायः

Hamsa–Sādhya Dialogue; Restraint of Speech; Marks of Noble Lineage; Means to Peace

आदेशकृद्‌ वृत्तिहन्ता द्विजानां प्रेषकश्न यः । शरणागतहा चैव सर्वे ब्रह्महण: समा: । एतै: समेत्य कर्तिाव्यं प्रायश्षित्तमिति श्रुति:,भारत! जो अपने ऊपर विश्वास करनेवाले पुरुषकी स्त्रीके साथ समागम करता है, जो गुरुस्त्रीगामी है, ब्राह्मण होकर शूद्रा सत्रीके साथ विवाह करता है, शराब पीता है तथा जो ब्राह्गगपर आदेश चलानेवाला, ब्राह्मणोंकी जीविका नष्ट करनेवाला, ब्राह्मणोंको सेवाकार्यके लिये इधर-उधर भेजनेवाला और शरणागतकी हिंसा करनेवाला है--ये सब-के- सब ब्रह्महत्यारेके समान हैं; इनका संग हो जानेपर प्रायश्षित्त करे--यह वेदोंकी आज्ञा है

ājñā-kṛd vṛtti-hantā dvijānāṁ preṣakaś ca yaḥ | śaraṇāgata-hā caiva sarve brahma-haṇaḥ samāḥ | etaiḥ sametya kartavyaṁ prāyaścittam iti śrutiḥ ||

毗度罗宣示:有些行为会使人于道德上与“杀婆罗门者”同等——傲慢地对婆罗门发号施令者,断绝其生计者,差遣他们如仆役般奔走办事者,以及杀害前来投奔求庇护之人者。依吠陀之教,若曾与此等人交往相杂,便当行赎罪净除之法(prāyaścitta)。

आदेशकृत्one who gives orders/commands
आदेशकृत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआदेशकृत् (आदेश + कृत्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृत्तिहन्ताdestroyer of livelihood
वृत्तिहन्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्तिहन्तृ (वृत्ति + हन्तृ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्विजानाम्of the twice-born (brahmins etc.)
द्विजानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
प्रेषकःone who sends/dispatches (others)
प्रेषकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेषक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शरणागतहाslayer of one who has sought refuge
शरणागतहा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशरणागतहन् (शरणागत + हन्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्रह्महणःbrahmin-slayers; guilty of brahmahatyā
ब्रह्महणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्महन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समाःequal (to)
समाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एतैःwith/by these
एतैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
समेत्यhaving associated/met (with)
समेत्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् + इ (गम्-अर्थे) / सम् + ए (इ-धातु)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त), Active
कर्तव्यम्is to be done; should be performed
कर्तव्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (कर्तव्य)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रायश्चित्तम्expiation
प्रायश्चित्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रायश्चित्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
श्रुतिःthe Vedic injunction/tradition
श्रुतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भारतO Bhārata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
D
dvija (twice-born/brāhmaṇas)
Ś
śaraṇāgata (refuge-seeker)
Ś
śruti (the Veda)

Educational Q&A

Vidura teaches that abusing or harming brāhmaṇas (by domineering over them, ruining their livelihood, or treating them as servants) and harming a refuge-seeker are grievous offenses, morally equated with brahmahatyā; association with such offenders requires expiation according to śruti.

In Vidura’s counsel during the Udyoga Parva, he lays down ethical standards and warns about severe transgressions and their consequences, invoking Vedic authority to stress the need for prāyaścitta when one has kept company with such wrongdoers.