Shloka 47

Ārjava, Satya, and the Virocana–Sudhanvan Exemplum

Udyoga-parva 35

Devanagari script

सुखं च दुःखं च भवाभवौ च लाभालाभौ मरणं जीवितं च । पर्यायश: सर्वमेते स्पृशन्ति तस्माद्‌ धीरो न च हृष्येन्न शोचेत्‌

Transliteration

sukhaṁ ca duḥkhaṁ ca bhavābhavau ca lābhālābhau maraṇaṁ jīvitaṁ ca | paryāyaśaḥ sarvam ete spṛśanti tasmād dhīro na ca hṛṣyen na śocet ||

Translation

毗度罗教诲说：乐与苦，生与灭，得与失，生与死——这些都会依次临到每一个人。因此，坚忍之人不应因之而狂喜或悲恸，而当在世事变迁中守持平等之心。

Word by Word

• सुखम्: happiness
• सुखम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• दुःखम्: sorrow
• दुःखम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• भव: coming into being; birth
• भव: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अभवौ: non-being; cessation (as a pair with भव)
• अभवौ: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ-भव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative/Accusative, Dual

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• लाभ: gain
• लाभ: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: लाभ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अलाभौ: non-gain; loss (as a pair with लाभ)
• अलाभौ: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ-लाभ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative/Accusative, Dual

• मरणम्: death
• मरणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरण
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• जीवितम्: life
• जीवितम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जीवित
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पर्यायशः: in succession; in turn
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पर्यायशस्

• सर्वम्: all
• सर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• स्पृशन्ति: touch; befall
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्पृश्
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• तस्मात्: therefore; from that
• तस्मात्: Apadana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• धीरः: steadfast (man)
• धीरः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धीर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• हृष्येत्: should rejoice
• Type: Verb
• Root: हृष्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Atmanepada

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• शोचेत्: should grieve
• Type: Verb
• Root: शुच्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vidura

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

All opposites—pleasure/pain, gain/loss, life/death, arising/cessation—arrive by turns for everyone; wisdom lies in maintaining steadiness without elation or grief.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Udyoga Parva’s counsel-setting, Vidura addresses the royal situation with moral instruction, urging inner steadiness and restraint as events move toward conflict.