Shloka 45

Ārjava, Satya, and the Virocana–Sudhanvan Exemplum

Udyoga-parva 35

Devanagari script

अनवाप्यं च शोकेन शरीरं चोपतप्यते । अमित्राश्ष प्रहष्यन्ति मा सम शोके मन: कृथा:

Transliteration

anavāpyaṃ ca śokena śarīraṃ copatapyate | amitrāś ca praharṣyanti mā sma śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ ||

Translation

毗度罗说道：“以悲伤不能得未得之物；悲伤只会灼伤身躯，使仇敌欢喜。因此，莫令汝心沉溺于哀恸。”

Word by Word

• अनवाप्यम्: unattainable / not to be obtained
• अनवाप्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनवाप्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• शोकेन: by grief
• शोकेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोक
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• शरीरम्: the body
• शरीरम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरीर
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• उपतप्यते: is afflicted / is tormented
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-तप्
• Form: Present, Atmanepada (Passive-like usage), 3rd, Singular

• अमित्राः: enemies
• अमित्राः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमित्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• प्रहष्यन्ति: rejoice / become glad
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-हृष्
• Form: Present, Parasmaipada, 3rd, Plural

• मा: do not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा
• Form: Prohibitive particle (with imperative/optative)

• सम: at all / indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम
• Form: emphatic/particle (as in 'indeed/at all')

• शोके: in grief
• शोके: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोक
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• मनः: mind
• मनः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• कृथाः: do / make
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: Imperative, Parasmaipada, 2nd, Singular

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vidura
• enemies (amitrāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Grief does not recover what is lost or bring what is unattained; it only harms one’s body and composure, while giving satisfaction to adversaries. The ethical counsel is to practice restraint and clarity of mind in adversity.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura offers sober, practical counsel meant to steady the listener during a tense political crisis leading toward war. Here he warns against indulgent sorrow and urges mental firmness.