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Shloka 29

Vāmadeva’s Rājadharma: Norm-Setting, Counsel, and the Prevention of Rāṣṭra-Vināśa (वामदेव-प्रोक्तं राजधर्मम्)

यो<र्थकामस्य वचन प्रातिकूल्यान्न मृष्यते । शृणोति प्रतिकूलानि सर्वदा विमना इव

yo 'rthakāmasya vacanaṃ prātikūlyān na mṛṣyate | śṛṇoti pratikūlāni sarvadā vimanā iva | yaḥ śiṣṭaiḥ puruṣair ācaraṇe nītam ācāraṃ sadā na sevate tathā parājitān aparājitāṃś ca sva-paramparāgatam ācāraṃ na pālayituṃ dadāti sa kṣatriya-dharmāt patati |

瓦摩提婆说道:“有人因其言逆己心,便不能容受怀善意、求其真利之友的劝诫,却又去听那些反害自身兴盛的话语——此人常如沮丧失措,心神不宁。又有人不恒常遵循智者与守礼之士所行之范式,并且不许无论败者或胜者都守其世代相传的行为法度——此人便从刹帝利之法(kṣatriya-dharma)中坠落。”

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्थकामस्यof one desiring benefit/advantage
अर्थकामस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थकाम
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वचनम्speech; word
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रातिकूल्यात्due to opposition/unfavorableness
प्रातिकूल्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रातिकूल्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मृष्यतेendures; tolerates
मृष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootमृष्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
शृणोतिhears; listens to
शृणोति:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
प्रतिकूलानिunfavorable (things/words)
प्रतिकूलानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिकूल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
सर्वदाalways
सर्वदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वदा
विमनाःdejected; dispirited
विमनाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविमनस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

वामदेव उवाच

V
Vāmadeva
S
suhṛd (well-wishing friend)
Ś
śiṣṭa-puruṣa (cultured/wise persons)
K
kṣatriya (warrior-ruler)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must be able to accept corrective counsel from true well-wishers, consistently follow the exemplary conduct of the cultured, and uphold traditional codes of behavior for all—victors and vanquished alike. Rejecting good advice and undermining established ācāra leads to a fall from kṣatriya-dharma.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous governance and conduct, Vāmadeva describes traits that disqualify a kṣatriya: intolerance toward a friend’s beneficial advice, mental instability born of self-will, neglect of śiṣṭa-ācāra, and refusal to let people maintain their customary duties and traditions regardless of victory or defeat.