Shloka 40

आपद्धर्मे वैश्यवृत्तिः, विक्रय-निषेधाः, तथा ब्रह्म-क्षत्र-सम्बन्धः

Emergency Livelihood, Prohibited Trade, and Brahman–Kshatra Regulation

Devanagari script

तमेव पूजयेयुस्ते प्रीत्या स्वमिव बान्धवम्‌ । अभीरभीक्ष्णं कौरव्य कर्ता सन्‍्मानमहति

Transliteration

tam eva pūjayeyus te prītyā svam iva bāndhavam | abhīrabhīkṣṇaṃ kauravya kartā san mānam arhati ||

Translation

众人当以爱敬之心礼敬此人，如同礼敬自己的亲族。库鲁后裔啊，能无所畏惧、屡屡解除他人忧患者，才是真正配受王者敬重的有为之士。

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• एव: indeed/only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• पूजयेयुः: should honor/worship
• Type: Verb
• Root: पूज्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रीत्या: with affection/joy
• प्रीत्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रीति
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• स्वम्: one's own
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun
• Root: स्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• इव: like/as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• बान्धवम्: a kinsman/relative
• Type: Noun
• Root: बान्धव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अभीर: fearless
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभीर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अभीक्ष्णम्: repeatedly/again and again
• Type: Indeclinable (adverbial)
• Root: अभीक्ष्णम्

• कौरव्य: O descendant of Kuru
• Type: Noun (vocative epithet)
• Root: कौरव्य
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• कर्ता: doer/one who does
• कर्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: कर्तृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सन्: being
• Type: Kridanta (participle)
• Root: अस्
• Form: Present active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मानम्: honor/respect
• मानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अर्हति: deserves/is worthy of
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्ह्
• Form: Present (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Kauravya (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Public honor should be directed to the fearless protector who repeatedly alleviates others’ suffering; true worthiness for royal respect lies in providing dependable refuge and removing dangers for the helpless.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on righteous governance: he defines the kind of person—one who safeguards people from recurring threats—whom society should treat like a beloved relative and honor with high esteem.