Shloka 39

आपद्धर्मे वैश्यवृत्तिः, विक्रय-निषेधाः, तथा ब्रह्म-क्षत्र-सम्बन्धः

Emergency Livelihood, Prohibited Trade, and Brahman–Kshatra Regulation

Devanagari script

यमाश्रित्य नरा राजन वर्तयेयुर्यथासुखम्‌ । अनाथास्तप्यमानाश्व दस्युभि: परिपीडिता:

Transliteration

yam āśritya narā rājan vartayeyur yathāsukham | anāthās tapyamānāś ca dasyubhiḥ paripīḍitāḥ ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：“大王啊，人们应当能依止于施予护佑者而安乐度日。那些无依无靠、受苦受难、又为盗贼所逼迫的人，应将此护卫者视若亲族，以欢喜之心敬奉礼遇。因为，库鲁之最胜者啊，能无所畏惧、屡次解除他人危难者，才真正配受王者之荣。”

Word by Word

• यम्: whom
• यम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आश्रित्य: having taken refuge in / resorting to
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-श्रि (श्रि)
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage as gerund)

• नराः: men, people
• नराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• वर्तयेयुः: should live/behave, should conduct themselves
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत् (वर्तते) / causative वर्तयति
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Present-system, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, Active

• यथा: as, according to
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• सुखम्: comfortably, with ease (lit. happiness)
• सुखम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अनाथाः: helpless, without protector
• अनाथाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनाथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तप्यमानाः: being afflicted, suffering
• Type: Verb
• Root: तप्
• Form: शानच् (present passive participle), Passive (middle-form participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• दस्युभिः: by robbers/bandits
• दस्युभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दस्यु
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• परिपीडिताः: oppressed, harassed
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-पीड्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• King (Yudhishthira, implied addressee)
• Kuru lineage (Kuru-nandana, implied)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A ruler (or any protector) is worthy of honor when he fearlessly and repeatedly removes the dangers of others; the helpless should be able to take refuge in such a person and live securely.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma addresses the king and explains the standard of true royal worth: providing dependable refuge and protection, especially for those oppressed by criminals.