Shloka 1

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

Devanagari script

प्याज बछ। जज: > शत्रुपर चढ़ाई करनेके चार अवसर ये हैं--(१) अपने मित्रोंकी वृद्धि। (२) अपने कोशका भरपूर संग्रह। (३) शत्रुके मित्रोंका नाश। (४) शत्रुके कोशकी हानि। > पहला शत्रु राजा

Transliteration

vaiśampāyana uvāca | tataḥ punaḥ sa gāṅgeyam abhivādya pitāmaham | prāñjalir aniyato bhūtvā paryapṛcchad yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ||

Translation

毗湿摩波罗衍那说道：于是，尤提希提罗再次恭敬礼拜恒河之子、祖父毗湿摩。合掌端身，摄心宁定，他以至诚发问——求教于正行之道与人生秩序的安立。

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात्)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• गाङ्गेयम्: Gāṅgeya (Bhīṣma)
• गाङ्गेयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गाङ्गेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अभिवाद्य: having saluted
• अभिवाद्य: Karana
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-√वद्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• पितामहम्: the grandsire
• पितामहम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितामह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्राञ्जलिः: with joined palms
• प्राञ्जलिः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राञ्जलि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अनियतः: self-controlled / composed (lit. not unrestrained)
• अनियतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनियत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भूत्वा: having become
• भूत्वा: Karana
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• पर्यपूच्छत्: asked (respectfully/fully)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-√पृच्छ्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• युधिष्ठिरः: Yudhiṣṭhira
• युधिष्ठिरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Bhīṣma
• Gaṅgā

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames ethical inquiry as requiring humility and self-control: Yudhiṣṭhira approaches the elder teacher Bhīṣma with reverence (prāñjali) and mental discipline (aniyata), establishing the proper attitude for receiving instruction on dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instructional setting, Yudhiṣṭhira again salutes Bhīṣma lying as the revered grandsire and, with composed mind and folded hands, begins a new question—continuing the extended dialogue on righteous conduct and governance.