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Shloka 20

Rājā–Rāja-Śabda-Prabhavaḥ — The Origin and Rationale of Kingship and Daṇḍanīti

अगम्यागमनं चैव वाच्यावाच्यं तथैव च । भक्ष्याभक्ष्यं च राजेन्द्र दोषादोषं च नात्यजन्‌,राजेन्द्र! उन्होंने अगम्यागमन, वाच्य-अवाच्य, भक्ष्य-अभक्ष्य तथा दोष-अदोष कुछ भी नहीं छोड़ा

agamya-āgamanaṃ caiva vācyāvācyaṃ tathaiva ca | bhakṣyābhakṣyaṃ ca rājendra doṣādoṣaṃ ca nātyajan ||

毗湿摩说道:大王之最者啊,他们对任何事都不加节制——出入禁地、接近不当之人;说该说或不该说的话;食用可食或不可食之物;行可责或不可责之事。其行止之中,礼法的界限无一不被逾越。

अगम्यforbidden/inaccessible
अगम्य:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअगम्य (गम् धातु से; ‘जिसमें जाना न चाहिए/न जा सकें’)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
आगमनम्going/approach
आगमनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआगमन (आ + गम्)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
वाच्यsayable/proper to be said
वाच्य:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवाच्य (वच् धातु से; ‘कहने योग्य’)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अवाच्यम्unsayable/improper to be said
अवाच्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअवाच्य (वच् धातु से; ‘न कहने योग्य’)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भक्ष्यedible/permissible to eat
भक्ष्य:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभक्ष्य (भक्ष् धातु से; ‘खाने योग्य’)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अभक्ष्यम्inedible/forbidden to eat
अभक्ष्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअभक्ष्य (भक्ष् धातु से; ‘न खाने योग्य’)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र (राजन् + इन्द्र)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दोषfault/vice
दोष:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अदोषम्no-fault/virtue (faultlessness)
अदोषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्यजत्did not abandon/leave
अत्यजत्:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज् (परस्मैपदी)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājendra (the king addressed, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

Dharma requires discernment and restraint: one must know and uphold boundaries regarding forbidden association, proper speech, permissible food, and the distinction between blameworthy and blameless actions. Abandoning these distinctions leads to ethical collapse.

Bhīṣma, instructing the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) in Śānti Parva, describes a group’s degraded conduct: they no longer avoid prohibited acts and ignore moral and social discriminations, illustrating the consequences of losing dharmic discernment.