Shloka 3
Devanagari script
तपःस्वाध्यायनिरत: सत्य: सज्जनसम्मत: । न्यायप्राप्तेन वित्तेन स्वेन शीलेन चान्वित:
Transliteration
tapaḥsvādhyāyanirataḥ satyaḥ sajjanasammataḥ | nyāyaprāptena vittena svena śīlena cānvitaḥ ||
Translation
毗湿摩说：“他勤修苦行与自习，言行真实，为贤善之士所称许；又具以正当之道所得之财，并以自身高贵的品行而自成其德。”
Word by Word
तपःस्वाध्यायनिरतःdevoted to austerity and self-study
तपःस्वाध्यायनिरतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतपस्-स्वाध्याय-निरत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यःtruthful
सत्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सज्जनसम्मतःapproved/esteemed by good people
सज्जनसम्मतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसज्जन-सम्मत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
न्यायप्राप्तेनobtained by lawful means
न्यायप्राप्तेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootन्याय-प्राप्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वित्तेनwith wealth
वित्तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवित्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
स्वेनwith his own
स्वेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
शीलेनwith conduct/character
शीलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशील
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अन्वितःendowed (with)
अन्वितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
Bhishma (भीष्म)A
a virtuous man (implied subject of the verse)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
True excellence is marked by disciplined practice (tapas), Vedic self-study (svādhyāya), truthfulness (satya), social esteem among the virtuous (sajjana-sammata), and wealth earned through just means (nyāya-prāpta vitta), all grounded in personal character (śīla).
Bhishma is describing the qualities of a model person (in context, a Brahmin of exemplary life), highlighting his spiritual disciplines, moral integrity, and righteous livelihood as part of a larger instructive account in the Shanti Parva.