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Shloka 25

कालनिर्देशः शोकनिवारणं च

Instruction on Kāla and the Removal of Grief

(चोरी सर्वथा निषिद्ध है) किंतु आपत्तिकालमें कभी गुरुके लिये चोरी करनेवाला पुरुष दोषका भागी नहीं होता है। यदि मनमें कामना रखकर बारंबार उस चौर्य-कर्ममें वह प्रवृत्त न होता हो तो आपत्तिके समय ब्राह्मणके सिवा किसी दूसरेका धन लेनेवाला मनुष्य पापका भागी नहीं होता है। जो स्वयं उस चोरीका अन्न नहीं खाता

prāṇatrāṇe 'nṛtaṃ vācyaṃ ātmano vā parasya ca | gurvarthe strīṣu caiva syād vivāhakaraṇeṣu ca ||

毗耶娑开示:在极其狭窄而明确的紧急情形与社会所需之处,说不实之言而不招罪过——为救自身或他人之命;为师长(古鲁)之利益;在与自妻私密嬉戏之时;或在筹办婚姻之事中。其伦理要旨在于:达摩衡量人的意向与处境;诚实仍为常则,但当更高之善——生命、对师长之义务,以及社会秩序之护持——受到威胁时,真言亦可暂让。

प्राणत्राणेin (the act of) saving life
प्राणत्राणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणत्राण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अनृतम्untruth, falsehood
अनृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाच्यम्is to be spoken / should be said
वाच्यम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formयत् (gerundive), Passive (obligative), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
परस्यof another
परस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गुर्वर्थेfor the sake of the teacher
गुर्वर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु-अर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्त्रीषुamong women / with women
स्त्रीषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
स्यात्may be / would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
विवाहकरणेषुin marriage proceedings/arrangements
विवाहकरणेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविवाह-करण
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
G
guru (teacher)
W
wife (strī, in marital context)
M
marriage (vivāha)

Educational Q&A

Truth is the default duty, but dharma recognizes exceptional cases where speaking untruth is not sinful—especially to save life, to fulfill duty toward one’s guru, in private marital play, or during marriage arrangements—because intention and higher ethical aims can override the ordinary rule.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Vyāsa lays out rules for conduct under difficult or delicate circumstances, specifying limited contexts in which a normally prohibited act (here, untruth) is treated as blameless due to necessity and purpose.