Shloka 54

Nārāyaṇasya Guhya-nāmāni Niruktāni (Etymologies of Nārāyaṇa’s Secret Epithets) / नारायणस्य गुह्यनामानि निरुक्तानि

Devanagari script

यो जन्‍्तु: स्वकृतैस्तैस्तै: कर्मभिर्नित्यदु:खित:

Transliteration

yo jantuḥ svakṛtais tais tais karmabhir nityaduḥkhitaḥ

Translation

那罗陀说道：“那有情，正因自己所造的种种业行，而恒常受苦受忧……”

Word by Word

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• जन्तुः: creature, living being
• जन्तुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्तु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्वकृतैः: by (his) own-done (deeds)
• स्वकृतैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वकृत
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• तैः: by those
• तैः: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• तैः: by those (same)
• तैः: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• कर्मभिः: by actions, by deeds
• कर्मभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• नित्यदुःखितः: always afflicted/sorrowful
• नित्यदुःखितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नित्यदुःखित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

नारद उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Nārada
• jantu (living being)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Suffering is presented as the consequence of one’s own actions: the being becomes continually miserable through deeds performed by oneself, emphasizing moral causality and personal responsibility within the karmic framework.

What is happening in the narrative?

Nārada is speaking in an instructive context in the Śānti Parva, introducing (or continuing) a reflection on how beings experience ongoing sorrow due to their own varied actions, setting up an ethical lesson about karma and its fruits.