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Shloka 39

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

इस प्रकार विश्वा नामसे प्रसिद्ध जो अव्यक्त प्रकृति है, वह त्रिगुणमयी है; क्योंकि वही त्रिगुणात्मक जगत्‌को उत्पन्न करनेवाली है। उससे भिन्न जो निष्कल (कलाओंसे रहित) आत्मा है, वही अविश्व कहलाता है। इसी तरह अश्व और अश्वाकी जोड़ी भी देखी जाती है (अर्थात्‌ अश्वा अव्यक्त प्रकृति है और अश्व पुरुष) ।।

avyaktaṁ prakṛtiṁ prāhuḥ puruṣeti ca nirguṇam | tathaiva mitraṁ puruṣaṁ varuṇaṁ prakṛtiṁ tathā ||

阎若婆迦(Yājñavalkya)说道:“诸圣贤称‘未显’为‘自性’(Prakṛti),具足三德(guṇa),因为由它而生起由三德所成的世界。与之相别者,是自我——‘补卢沙’(Puruṣa):无分无片,超越诸德。亦复如是,当知密多罗(Mitra)为补卢沙之理,伐楼那(Varuṇa)为自性之理。”

अव्यक्तम्unmanifest (as an object spoken of)
अव्यक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रकृतिम्Prakriti, primordial nature
प्रकृतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्राहुःthey have said / call
प्राहुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + अह्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
पुरुषम्Purusha, the person/spirit
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निर्गुणम्without qualities (guna-less)
निर्गुणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्गुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
मित्रम्Mitra
मित्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुरुषम्Purusha (as the person/spirit)
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वरुणम्Varuna
वरुणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवरुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रकृतिम्Prakriti (as nature)
प्रकृतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
P
Prakṛti (avyakta)
P
Puruṣa (nirguṇa)
M
Mitra
V
Varuṇa

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes two fundamental principles: Prakṛti (the unmanifest, tri-guṇa source of the world) and Puruṣa (the partless, nirguṇa conscious Self). It then maps this distinction symbolically onto the pair Varuṇa (as Prakṛti) and Mitra (as Puruṣa) to aid understanding.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and liberation, Yājñavalkya is explaining a philosophical framework for discerning the Self from nature—using well-known Vedic names (Mitra and Varuṇa) as illustrative correspondences rather than as a literal mythic episode.