Shloka 27
Utkramaṇa-sthāna and Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇa: Yājñavalkya’s Instruction on Departure Pathways and Mortality Signs
एवमप्यनुमानेन हालिड्रमुपल भ्यते । पजञ्चविंशतिमस्तात लिड्लेषु नियतात्मक:
evam apy anumānena hālīdram upalabhyate | pañcaviṁśatim astāt liṅgeṣu niyatātmakaḥ ||
婆悉吒说道：“即便如此，人亦可由推理而领悟那清净的觉性之我，迥异于一切‘相标’（liṅga）。正如太阳因照明所见之物，故知其不同于诸可见境；同样，自性为知的我（Ātman），因能显发一切所知，故超然独立于诸可知之物。爱子啊，此我即第二十五原理，恒常而确定地遍满一切具身之境。”
वसिष्ठ उवाच
Educational Q&A
The Self (ātman/puruṣa) is not an object among objects; it is the illuminator of all knowables. Therefore it is known not by direct sensory grasp but by inference—recognizing that whatever is revealed requires a revealer. This Self is identified as the twenty-fifth principle (puruṣa) that pervades all embodied states.
Vasiṣṭha is instructing a listener (addressed affectionately as ‘dear one’) in discriminative knowledge: distinguishing consciousness from the ‘liṅgas’—the marks or constituents associated with embodiment. He uses an inference-based analogy (and, in the accompanying gloss, the sun’s illumination) to argue that the knower is distinct from the known.