Shloka 14
Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)
सत्त्वं दशगुणं ज्ञात्वा रजो नवगुणं तथा । तमश्नाष्टगुणं ज्ञात्वा बुद्धिं सप्तगुणां तथा
sattvaṁ daśaguṇaṁ jñātvā rajo navaguṇaṁ tathā | tamaś cāṣṭaguṇaṁ jñātvā buddhiṁ saptaguṇāṁ tathā ||
毗湿摩说道：“既知萨埵具十德，罗阇具九德，惰性（昏暗）具八德，而觉知（佛地，buddhi）具七德，有辨别者便获得对经验诸成分的层级之知。由此分别诸古那与内在器官，便能评断诸欲境之利害与欲望之动向，从而在通往超越世间苦、趋向解脱的道路上前进。”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches discriminative knowledge (viveka) of the guṇas—sattva, rajas, tamas—and of buddhi. By understanding their graded qualities, one can diagnose the roots of desire, suffering, and confusion, and orient practice toward clarity and liberation.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues his philosophical teaching to Yudhiṣṭhira, presenting a structured analysis of the guṇas and the inner faculties as part of a Sāṅkhya–Yoga framework aimed at peace, self-mastery, and mokṣa.