Shloka 43

Haṃsa–Sādhya Saṃvāda: Satya, Dama, Kṣamā and the Discipline of Speech

Devanagari script

अर्थाश्व दुर्लभॉल्लोके क्लेशांश्व सुलभांस्तथा । दुःखं चैव कुट॒म्बार्थे यः पश्यति स मुच्यते

Transliteration

arthāś ca durlabhā loke kleśāṃś ca sulabhāṃs tathā | duḥkhaṃ caiva kuṭumbārthe yaḥ paśyati sa mucyate ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：“在此世间，财富与物质所得难以求得，而烦恼却轻易临身；并且为了养护家族，人往往不得不忍受痛苦。能清明见此实相——不为迷妄所蔽，不为执著所缚——者，便得解脱（离于轮回之系）。”

Word by Word

• अर्थाः: wealth, resources
• अर्थाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• दुर्लभाः: hard to obtain
• दुर्लभाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्लभ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• लोके: in the world
• लोके: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• क्लेशाः: afflictions, troubles
• क्लेशाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्लेश
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सुलभान्: easy to obtain
• सुलभान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुलभ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तथा: likewise, similarly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• दुःखम्: sorrow, suffering
• दुःखम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• कुटुम्बार्थे: for the sake of the family
• कुटुम्बार्थे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुटुम्बार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पश्यति: sees, observes
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मुच्यते: is freed, is released
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच्
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Passive (Karmani)

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A realistic discernment: wealth is difficult to secure, hardships are plentiful, and even family maintenance entails suffering; seeing this clearly fosters detachment and leads toward liberation from saṃsāra.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and the path to inner freedom, emphasizing sober insight into worldly life as a basis for renunciation and release.