Shloka 4
उशनसः (शुक्रस्य) चरितम् — The Account of Uśanā (Śukra): Yoga, Grievance, and Pacification
विमुक्ता: सप्तदशभिहेंतुभूतैश्व॒ पठचभि: । इन्द्रियार्थर्गुणैश्वैव अष्टाभिश्व पितामह
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | vimuktāḥ saptadaśabhir hetubhūtaiś ca pañcabhiḥ | indriyārthaguṇaiś caiva aṣṭābhiś ca pitāmaha pitāmaha | pañca jñānendriyāṇi pañca karmendriyāṇi pañca prāṇāḥ manaś ca buddhis ca—ime saptadaśa tattvāni | kāmaḥ krodho lobho bhayaṃ svapnaś ca—ime saṃsārasya pañca hetavaḥ | śabdaḥ sparśo rūpaṃ raso gandhaś ca—ime pañca viṣayāḥ | sattvaṃ rajas tamaś ca—ime trayo guṇāḥ | pañcabhūtaiḥ saha avidyā ahaṃkāraḥ karma ca—ime aṣṭa tattvasaṃghātāḥ | etaiḥ sarvair vimuktās tīkṣṇavratadharā munayaḥ punarjanma na prāpnuvanti | parantapa pitāmaha vayaṃ api kadā rājyaṃ tyaktvā etām eva sthitiṃ prāpsyāmaḥ ||
尤提士提罗说道：“噢，祖父，噢，祖父！那些誓行严峻的苦行仙人，若已从十七种构成要素、从束缚于轮回的五种因、从诸根境与三种德性（guṇa），并从八支聚合（含诸大与内在烦恼）中解脱，便不再回返受生。十七者为：五知根、五作根、五气，及心与智。轮回之五因为：欲、嗔、贪、惧与梦。五境为：声、触、色、味、香。三德性为：萨埵（sattva）、罗阇（rajas）、怛摩（tamas）。又与五大同在者，无明、我执与业，合成八支聚合。超越这一切者，持严誓之圣贤不复再生。噢，摧敌者！我们何时也能舍弃王权，抵达那同一境地？”
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
Liberation is described as transcending the constituents that structure embodied experience—sense faculties, vital functions, mind and intellect—along with the psychological drivers of bondage (desire, anger, greed, fear, and dream-like projection), the pull of sense-objects, the three guṇas, and the deeper roots of ignorance, ego-sense, and karma. When these are overcome, rebirth ceases.
In the Śānti Parva instruction setting, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma as ‘Grandsire’ and reflects on the ideal of ascetic freedom from rebirth. He then turns the teaching inward, asking when he and his brothers will be able to relinquish royal power and attain that same liberated state.