Shloka 15
कपिलगोसंवादे गृहस्थ-त्यागधर्मयोः प्रमाण्यविचारः
Kapila–Cow Dialogue: Authority of Householder and Renunciant Dharmas
वने तपस्यतिष्ठत् स न च धर्ममवैक्षत । वर्षास्वाकाशशायी च हेमन्ते जलसंश्रय:
vane tapasyatiṣṭhat sa na ca dharmam avaikṣata | varṣāsv ākāśaśāyī ca hemante jalasaṃśrayaḥ ||
毗湿摩说道：他住在林中，坚守苦行，却并未真正洞见法（dharma）。雨季里他露卧苍穹之下，冬季里他又以水为依止——以严酷的自我折磨为行，却缺少那使苦行有价值的正当道德明见。
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Austerity by itself is not sufficient; without clear perception of dharma (moral discernment and right purpose), even extreme ascetic practices can be spiritually and ethically hollow.
Bhīṣma describes an ascetic who performs harsh seasonal austerities—sleeping under the open sky in the rains and immersing in water in winter—yet fails to grasp or follow dharma, highlighting the gap between external practice and inner ethical understanding.