Shloka 5
तुलाधार-उपदेशः
Tulādhāra’s Instruction to Jājali on Ahiṃsā and Abhaya-dāna
अननेर्दूर्धर्षता ज्योतिस्ताप: पाक: प्रकाशनम् | शोको रागो लघुस्तैक्ष्णयं सततं चोर्ध्वभासिता
anagner durdharṣatā jyotis tāpaḥ pākaḥ prakāśanam | śoko rāgo laghutā tīkṣṇatvaṃ satataṃ cordhvabhāsitā ||
毗湿摩曰：火以其固有之相而可识——难以抵御；光辉炽然；施以热力；能烹煮而使成熟；能照明。又具焚灼般的强烈，如忧苦之炽痛与情欲之赤色；其性轻疾而锋利；其焰恒向上腾起，持续放射光明。此即火之德相，使人得以辨知其性与其在世间之作用。
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches recognition of a thing’s svabhāva (intrinsic nature) through its guṇas (observable qualities). Fire is defined not by name but by effects—heat, light, transformation, sharpness, and upward-rising radiance—encouraging ethical discernment by attending to consequences and characteristics.
In Śānti Parva’s instructional setting, Bhīṣma continues a didactic exposition, listing the defining properties of fire (agni) as part of a broader discussion that classifies and explains the qualities of entities in the world for reflective understanding.