Shloka 7
सूक्ष्मभूत-भूतात्मविज्ञानम्
Knowing the subtle principle and the bhūtātman through yoga
कपाल वृक्षमूलानि कुचैलमसहायता । उपेक्षा सर्वभूतानामेतावद् भिक्षुलक्षणम्
vyāsa uvāca | kapāla-vṛkṣa-mūlāni kucailam asahāyatā | upekṣā sarva-bhūtānām etāvad bhikṣu-lakṣaṇam | bhikṣā-pātraṃ eva ca kamaṇḍaluṃ rakhet | vṛkṣa-mūle śayīta vā nivāsaṃ kuryāt | yaḥ darśane na sundaraṃ vastraṃ dhārayet | na kaṃcid saha rakhet sarva-bhūteṣu ca upekṣāṃ kuryāt | etāni sannyāsinaḥ lakṣaṇāni ||
毗耶娑说：“托钵者的标志如下：以髑髅为钵，以树根为庇护，着粗陋不悦目的衣，独居无伴，并对一切众生保持离著。除乞食钵与水罐（kamaṇḍalu）外不蓄他物；当卧止于树下；当穿不招人艳羡之衣；不置侍从；于诸有情当处于淡然——无执取亦无憎恶。此即出离者之相。”
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse defines renunciation as radical simplicity and inner non-attachment: minimal possessions (bowl and water-pot), austere living (tree-root as shelter), avoidance of display (unattractive clothing), solitude, and equanimity toward all beings—freedom from dependence, favoritism, and hostility.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma after the war, Vyāsa is describing the observable disciplines and lifestyle that characterize a true mendicant/renunciant, emphasizing external austerity as a support for inner detachment.