Shloka 21
Ātma-saṃyama-dharma: One-pointedness of Mind and Senses (शुक–व्यास संवादः)
Devanagari script
नाभुक्तवति चाश्रीयादपीतवति नो पिबेत् । नातिष्ठति तथा55सीत नासुप्ते प्रस्वपेत च
Transliteration
nābhuktavati cāśrīyād apītavati no pibet | nātiṣṭhati tathāsīta nāsuptē prasvapeta ca ||
Translation
毗耶娑说：师未食，不可先食；师未饮，不可先饮。亦复如是，师未坐，不可先坐；师未寝，不可先寝。
Word by Word
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अभुक्तवतिwhen (he) has not eaten
अभुक्तवति:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअभुक्तवत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
आश्रीयात्should resort to / should take (food)
आश्रीयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-श्रि
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अपिeven / also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
ईतवतिwhen (he) has not drunk
ईतवति:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootईतवत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
उindeed (emphatic particle)
उ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ
पिबेत्should drink
पिबेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
आतिष्ठतिsits down / takes a seat
आतिष्ठति:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तथाlikewise / in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
आसीतshould sit
आसीत:
TypeVerb
Rootआस्
FormImperative (Lot), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
असुप्तेwhen (he) has not slept
असुप्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअसुप्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
प्रस्वपेतshould sleep / should lie down to sleep
प्रस्वपेत:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-स्वप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
Speaker
व्यास उवाच
Characters & Entities
V
VyāsaĀ
ācārya (teacher)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
A student should practice visible, daily forms of respect and self-control: do not eat, drink, sit, or sleep ahead of the teacher. Reverence is shown through disciplined conduct, not merely words.
In the didactic setting of Śānti Parva, Vyāsa lays down rules of proper conduct (ācāra) for a disciple, emphasizing attentive service and deference to the ācārya in ordinary routines.