Shloka 4
Adhyātma-krama: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman Hierarchy and Citta-Prasāda (आध्यात्मक्रमः)
पौरुषं कारणं केचिदाहु: कर्मसु मानवा: । दैवमेके प्रशंसन्ति स्वभावमपरे जना:
pauruṣaṃ kāraṇaṃ kecid āhuḥ karmasu mānavāḥ | daivam eke praśaṃsanti svabhāvam apare janāḥ ||
毗耶娑说：有人宣称，人之努力是诸行动背后的决定性原因；有人称颂命运（所分配之分）；还有人赞扬自身本性为主宰之因。
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse presents three commonly asserted causes of action—personal effort (pauruṣa), destiny (daiva), and innate nature (svabhāva)—inviting reflection on how moral responsibility and ethical judgment should be understood when multiple causal explanations compete.
In the Śānti Parva’s reflective discourse, Vyāsa introduces a philosophical debate about what drives human action. This line sets up a broader inquiry into agency, causality, and dharma—how one should act and be held accountable amid claims of fate or inborn disposition.