Shloka 42

Gārhasthya-Śreṣṭhatā and Kṣatriya-Daṇḍadhāraṇa

Householder Primacy and the Royal Duty of Punishment

Devanagari script

ततस्तमब्रवीच्छंखस्तपसेदं कृतं मया । मा च तेऊत्र विशंकाभूद्‌ दैवमत्र विधीयते

Transliteration

tatastam abravīc chaṅkhas tapasedaṃ kṛtaṃ mayā | mā ca te ’tra viśaṅkābhūd daivam atra vidhīyate ||

Translation

于是，商迦对他说：“此事乃我以苦行之力成就。于此勿生疑惑。在这里，命运所定之事正被引向圆满。”

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अब्रवीत्: said, spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Imperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• शङ्खः: Shankha (name)
• शङ्खः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शङ्ख
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तपसा: by austerity, through penance
• तपसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• कृतम्: done, made
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: क्त, Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: Instrumental, Singular

• मा: do not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा
• Form: Prohibitive particle

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Dative, Singular

• अत्र: here, in this matter
• अत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र

• विशङ्का: doubt, suspicion
• विशङ्का: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशङ्का
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• अभूत्: arose, came to be
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Aorist, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• दैवम्: fate, divine ordinance
• दैवम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैव
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अत्र: here, in this matter
• अत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र

• विधीयते: is ordained, is arranged
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा
• Form: Present, 3, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive

Speaker

शंख उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śaṅkha

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse reconciles human effort and destiny: disciplined austerity (tapas) can be the means through which what is divinely ordained (daiva) comes to fruition, so one should not be paralyzed by doubt.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śaṅkha addresses another person to remove his uncertainty, asserting that the outcome has been achieved through Śaṅkha’s austerities and that the divine order is being fulfilled in this situation.