Shloka 32

Vimokṣa-niścaya: Pañcaśikha’s Analysis of Aggregates, Guṇas, and Tyāga (मोक्षनिर्णयः)

Devanagari script

तमसा लोभयुक्तानि क्रोधजानि च सेवते । हिंसाविहाराभिरतस्तन्द्रीनिद्रासमन्वित:

Transliteration

tamasā lobhayuktāni krodhajāni ca sevate | hiṃsāvihārābhiratas tandrīnidrāsamanvitaḥ ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：在黑暗之性（tamas，惰性）支配之下，人沉溺于由贪欲驱使、由嗔怒而生的行为；他尤为迷恋暴力之业，并且常常被懈怠与昏睡所笼罩。

Word by Word

• तमसा: by darkness / by tamas
• तमसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• लोभयुक्तानि: endowed with greed
• लोभयुक्तानि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लोभयुक्त
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• क्रोधजानि: born of anger
• क्रोधजानि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रोधज
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सेवते: he resorts to / practices
• Type: Verb
• Root: सेव्
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

• हिंसाविहाराभिरतः: delighting in violent acts/ways
• हिंसाविहाराभिरतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हिंसाविहाराभिरत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तन्द्रीनिद्रासमन्वितः: accompanied by drowsiness and sleep
• तन्द्रीनिद्रासमन्वितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तन्द्रीनिद्रासमन्वित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse characterizes tamas as a force that pushes a person toward greed- and anger-born actions, attachment to violence, and a life dominated by lethargy and sleep—thereby indicating what should be recognized and restrained for ethical living.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and conduct, Bhishma is explaining to Yudhishthira the behavioral signs of the guṇas; here he describes the tamasic disposition and its moral consequences.