Shloka 86

मनुरुवाच — इन्द्रिय-मनः-ज्ञान-क्रमः

Manu on the hierarchy of senses, mind, and knowledge

Devanagari script

मार्गो तावप्युभावेतौ संश्रितौ न च संश्रितौ । उपनिषदोंके वाक्य निर्वत्ति (परमानन्द)

Transliteration

mārgo tāv apy ubhāv etau saṁśritau na ca saṁśritau |

Translation

毗湿摩说：“此二道，既可依凭（某种辅助修持）而行，亦可不依凭而行。奥义书之言本身，即能开示至上大乐、寂静与安住于梵；于彼处，不必依赖反复之修习。然而，平等观的圣贤所传之数论（Sāṅkhya）与瑜伽（Yoga），因能以净化心识而助成智慧，或可取持诵（japa）为依，亦可不取而行。”

Word by Word

• {'mārgaḥ': 'path

• spiritual way', 'tāv': 'those two

• both (in reference)', 'api': 'also

• even', 'ubhau': 'both (two)', 'etau': 'these two', 'saṁśritau': 'resorted to

• dependent upon', 'na ca': 'and not

• nor', 'upaniṣad-vākya': 'Upanishadic statements

• mahāvākyas conveying Brahman-knowledge', 'nirvṛtti': 'cessation

• final beatitude (here: realization culminating in supreme bliss)', 'paramānanda': 'supreme bliss', 'śānti': 'peace

• tranquility', 'brahma-niṣṭhatā': 'steadfast abidance in Brahman', 'bodha': 'knowledge

• understanding', 'samadarśin': 'one who sees equally

• impartial seer', 'muni': 'sage

• contemplative', 'sāṅkhya': 'path of discriminative knowledge/analysis', 'yoga': 'path of disciplined integration/meditation', 'citta-śuddhi': 'purification of the mind', 'jñāna-prāpti': 'attainment of knowledge', 'upakāraka': 'helpful

• conducive', 'japa': 'repetition (of mantra/name)

• disciplined recitation', 'āśraya': 'support

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Upanishads
• Sāṅkhya
• Yoga
• munis (sages)
• Brahman

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhishma explains that Sāṅkhya and Yoga are two valid approaches that can be practiced with auxiliary supports like japa or, in some cases, without them. Direct Upanishadic insight is presented as self-sufficient for awakening to supreme bliss, peace, and abiding in Brahman; whereas for many seekers, practices that purify the mind (including japa) can be valuable aids toward knowledge.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on liberation and right living, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira by comparing spiritual disciplines. He clarifies how different methods—Upanishadic wisdom, Sāṅkhya analysis, and Yogic practice—relate to one another and how supportive practices like japa may function as means for mental purification leading to realization.