Mahabharata — Shanti Parva, Shloka 25
ध्यानयोगवर्णनम्
Description of the Path of Meditation
Devanagari script
क्षेत्रज्ं तं विजानीहि नित्यं लोकहितात्मकम् । तमो रजश्न सत्त्वं च विद्धि जीवगुणानिमान्
Translation
当知“知田者”（kṣetrajña）恒常存在，即为我（Ātman），其性常为世间之利。又当知昏暗（tamas）、激动（rajas）与清明（sattva）三种古那（guṇa），乃众生之我（jīva）之性相。
Word by Word
क्षेत्रजम्the knower of the field (kṣetrajña)
क्षेत्रजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्रज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्him/that
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विजानीहिknow; understand
विजानीहि:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
नित्यम्always; eternally
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
लोकहितात्मकम्whose nature is the welfare of the world
लोकहितात्मकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootलोकहितात्मक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तमःdarkness; tamas (quality)
तमः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रजःpassion; rajas (quality)
रजः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सत्त्वम्purity; sattva (quality)
सत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
विद्धिknow; understand
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
जीवगुणान्the qualities of the living being
जीवगुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीवगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इमान्these
इमान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
Speaker
भरद्वाज उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes