Shloka 4
Virūpākṣa’s Dāna and Gautama’s Burden — the approach of Rājadharma
भीष्म उवाच स्पृहा स्याद् गर्हिता चैव विधित्सा चैव कर्मणाम् | आक्रोष्टा क्रुश्यते चैव वज्चितो बुद्धयते स च
bhīṣma uvāca spṛhā syād garhitā caiva vidhitsā caiva karmaṇām | ākroṣṭā kruśyate caiva vañcito budhyate sa ca ||
毗湿摩说道：“大王啊，此人以可憎的贪求为记，以欲起不当之业为势。他辱骂他人，亦为人所辱；又自以为为命运所欺、所夺，遂心生怨毒，转而趋向罪恶。”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma identifies a moral downward spiral: blameworthy craving leads to intent for improper action; habitual abuse invites abuse; and a sense of being wronged or deprived fosters resentment that inclines one toward unethical conduct.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction to the king, Bhishma continues a diagnostic description of ignoble dispositions and behaviors, outlining traits by which a person inclined to cruelty and wrongdoing can be recognized.