Shloka 63
Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)
दुःखं जरा ब्रद्य॒दत्त दुःखमर्थविपर्यय: । दुःखं चानिष्टसंवासो दुःखमिष्टवियोजनम्
duḥkhaṃ jarā brahmadatta duḥkham arthaviparyayaḥ | duḥkhaṃ cāniṣṭasaṃvāso duḥkham iṣṭaviyojanam ||
梵摩达多说道：“痛苦有许多形态。衰老是苦；财物的倾覆与失落是苦；与不喜之人同住是苦；与所爱之人离别亦是苦。”
ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच
Educational Q&A
Suffering is not a single event but a set of recurring life-conditions—aging, instability of wealth, unpleasant associations, and separation from loved ones—so one should cultivate clarity, restraint, and detachment rather than expecting lasting comfort from worldly arrangements.
In a didactic exchange within the Śānti Parva, the speaker Brahmadatta enumerates common sources of duḥkha to instruct the listener (addressed as “mahārāja”) about the realities of worldly life and the need for wise, ethical orientation amid inevitable change.