Shloka 52
त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma
Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123
जागर्ति काल: पूर्व च मध्ये चान्ते च भारत । ईश्वर: सर्वलोकस्य महादेव: प्रजापति:
jāgarti kālaḥ pūrvaṃ ca madhye cānte ca bhārata | īśvaraḥ sarvalokasya mahādevaḥ prajāpatiḥ ||
瓦苏哈罗摩说道：“噢，婆罗多啊，时间（Kāla）恒常警醒——在开端、在中段、在终末皆然。此时间，作为惩治与统御之力，正是大天（Mahādeva）、万界之主的形相；亦即护持并整饬一切众生的生主（Prajāpati）。”
वसुहरोम उवाच
Educational Q&A
Time (Kāla) is an ever-vigilant cosmic power present at creation, continuance, and dissolution; recognizing it as the form of Mahādeva/Prajāpati frames ethical life within an unbreakable moral-cosmic order where all beings are subject to change and accountability.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and ultimate principles, Vasuharoma addresses the Bhārata listener and identifies Kāla as the sovereign force governing all worlds, equating it with Mahādeva and Prajāpati to emphasize divine oversight across all phases of existence.