Shloka 87
Vyāghra–Gomāyu Saṃvāda (व्याघ्रगोमायु संवाद) — Testing Character Beneath Appearances
Devanagari script
सुदुःखं पुरुषज्ञानं चित्त होषां चलाचलम् । समर्थों वाप्पशड्को वा शतेष्वेकोडधिगम्यते
Translation
“对君王而言，识人之难，实为至苦；因为人心飘忽，动静无常。百人之中，方或得一人：才具周全，而又不染疑影。”
Word by Word
सुदुःखम्very difficult
सुदुःखम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषज्ञानम्knowledge/recognition of a man
पुरुषज्ञानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष-ज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चित्तम्mind
चित्तम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचित्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
होषाम्of kings (reading uncertain in given text)
होषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
चलाचलम्moving and unmoving; fickle/unstable
चलाचलम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचल-अचल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
समर्थःcompetent
समर्थः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसमर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपशङ्कःfree from suspicion/doubt
अपशङ्कः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअप-शङ्क
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
शतेषुamong hundreds
शतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशत
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
एकःone
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अधिगम्यतेis found/obtained/recognized
अधिगम्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-गम्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes