Shloka 153

Satya–Anṛta Viveka (Discrimination between Truth and Falsehood) | सत्य–अनृत विवेकः

Devanagari script

श्रेयस्तत्रानृतं वक्तुं सत्यादिति विचारितम्‌ | यदि न बतानेसे उस धनीका बचाव हो जाता हो तो किसी तरह वहाँ कुछ बोले ही नहीं; परंतु यदि बोलना अनिवार्य हो जाय और न बोलनेसे लुटेरोंके मनमें संदेह पैदा होने लगे तो वहाँ सत्य बोलनेकी अपेक्षा झूठ बोलनेमें ही कल्याण है; यही इस विषयमें विचारपूर्वक निर्णय किया गया है

Transliteration

śreyas tatrānṛtaṁ vaktuṁ satyād iti vicāritam |

Translation

毗湿摩说：在这种情形下，经深思熟虑，人们断定：说不实之言比说实话更为有利。若实话会使富者暴露于祸患之中——例如被盗匪擒获——而又不能沉默，因为沉默会引起疑心，那么为护人而说的善意谎言，便被判为更合乎达摩之道。

Word by Word

• [{'term': 'śreyas', 'definition': 'the better good

• what is more beneficial or conducive to welfare'}, {'term': 'tatra', 'definition': 'there

• in that situation/context'}, {'term': 'anṛtam', 'definition': 'untruth

• false statement (as opposed to satya)'}, {'term': 'vaktum', 'definition': 'to speak

• to say'}, {'term': 'satyāt', 'definition': 'than truth

• from/compared to truth'}, {'term': 'iti', 'definition': 'thus

• in this manner (marking the conclusion/quotation)'}, {'term': 'vicāritam', 'definition': 'considered, deliberated, decided after reflection'}]

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

When truth-telling would directly cause harm, and silence is not a viable option, dharma may favor a protective untruth; the criterion is śreyas—what best preserves welfare and prevents injury.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma in the Shanti Parva, he addresses a practical ethical case: if speaking the truth would enable wrongdoers (e.g., robbers) to harm a person, then after deliberation it is deemed better to speak a falsehood rather than facilitate harm through truth.