Shloka 17
Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies
Gaṇa-nīti
Devanagari script
धर्मिष्ठान् व्यवहारां श्व स्थापयन्तश्न शास्त्रत: । यथावत् प्रतिपश्यन्तो विवर्धन्ते गणोत्तमा:
Translation
共和之中最优秀的公民，依照经论（śāstra）建立合乎法（dharma）的行事规范；他们以恰当的眼光审察万事万民，遂不断向兴盛之途迈进。
Word by Word
धर्मिष्ठान्most righteous
धर्मिष्ठान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मिष्ठ (धर्म + इष्ठ)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
व्यवहारान्practices/transactions (conduct)
व्यवहारान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
श्वःtomorrow / in the future
श्वः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootश्वः
स्थापयन्तःestablishing
स्थापयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु) → स्थापयत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, शतृ (present active participle)
शास्त्रतःaccording to scripture / by the authority of treatises
शास्त्रतः:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशास्त्र
Formablatival adverb (तसिल्)
यथावत्properly, duly
यथावत्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
प्रतिपश्यन्तःobserving/looking at (carefully)
प्रतिपश्यन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपश् (धातु) + प्रति → प्रतिपश्यत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, शतृ (present active participle)
विवर्धन्तेthey prosper/increase
विवर्धन्ते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवृध् (धातु) → विवर्धते
FormPresent (Lat), Ātmanepada, Third, Plural
गणोत्तमाःthe best among the groups / excellent citizens
गणोत्तमाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगणोत्तम (गण + उत्तम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes