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Shloka 38

मृदु-तीक्ष्ण-नीति तथा दुष्टलक्षण-विज्ञानम्

Measured Policy and the Recognition of Malicious Disposition

यदा स्यान्महती सेना हयनागरथाकुला । पदातियन्त्रबहुला अनुरक्ता षडज्धिनी

yadā syān mahatī senā hayanāgarathākulā | padātiyantrabahulā anuraktā ṣaḍaṅginī ||

毗湿摩说道:当国王拥有一支浩大的军队——马、象、战车充盈,步兵与攻守器械齐备,六军之分完备无缺——且全军忠诚依附其主;又当他察觉己方相较于敌方在诸多方面日益兴盛之时,便不应再怀他念与迟疑,而应公开出击,痛击盗贼与劫掠之徒,以镇压侵夺,护持社会秩序与法(dharma)。

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
स्यात्would be / should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (भू)
FormVidhi-linga, 3, singular, Parasmaipada
महतीgreat, large
महती:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
सेनाarmy
सेना:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
हयhorse
हय:
TypeNoun
Rootहय
Formmasculine
नागelephant
नाग:
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
Formmasculine
रथchariot
रथ:
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
Formmasculine
आकुलाfilled with, crowded with
आकुला:
TypeAdjective
Rootआकुल
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
पदातिfoot-soldier
पदाति:
TypeNoun
Rootपदाति
Formmasculine
यन्त्रmachine/engine; war-device
यन्त्र:
TypeNoun
Rootयन्त्र
Formneuter
बहुलाabundant in, having many
बहुला:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुल
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
अनुरक्ताattached, devoted
अनुरक्ता:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु-रञ्ज्
Formkta (past passive participle used adjectivally), feminine, nominative, singular
षडङ्गिनीsix-limbed (having six divisions)
षडङ्गिनी:
TypeAdjective
Rootषड् + अङ्गिन्
Formfeminine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
S
senā (army)
H
haya (horses)
N
nāga (elephants)
R
ratha (chariots)
P
padāti (infantry)
Y
yantra (military engines)

Educational Q&A

A king should act decisively against banditry and plunder once he has a strong, well-equipped, loyal, fully constituted army and sees favorable conditions. Royal power is justified here as protective force in service of dharma and public safety.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma advises Yudhiṣṭhira on statecraft: when the ruler’s military strength and cohesion are established and circumstances are advantageous, he should openly commence operations against criminals who prey on society.