Shloka 3

Devanagari script

संजय उवाच शृणु राजन प्रवक्ष्यामि यथावृत्तं नराधिप । राज्ञा यदुक्त भग्नेन तस्मिन्‌ व्यसन आगते

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca śṛṇu rājan pravakṣyāmi yathāvṛttaṃ narādhipa | rājñā yad uktaṃ bhagnena tasmin vyasana āgate ||

Translation

三阇耶说：“大王请听，我将如实叙述所发生的一切，世人之主啊——那位国王在被击垮、灾厄临身之时，究竟说了什么。”

Word by Word

• संजयः: Sanjaya
• संजयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Singular

• शृणु: listen
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु
• Form: Imperative, Second, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• प्रवक्ष्यामि: I shall tell
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Simple Future, First, Singular

• यथा: as, according to how
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• वृत्तम्: what happened, the event
• वृत्तम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्त
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• नराधिप: O lord of men (king)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नराधिप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• राज्ञा: by the king
• राज्ञा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• यत्: what, that which
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• उक्तम्: said, spoken
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Past Passive Participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• भग्नेन: by the defeated (one)
• भग्नेन: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भग्न
• Form: Past Passive Participle (क्त), Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• तस्मिन्: in that
• तस्मिन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• व्यसने: in calamity, in misfortune
• व्यसने: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यसन
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• आगते: having come, when (it) had arrived
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम्
• Form: Past Active Participle (क्तवत्/क्त) used adjectivally, Neuter, Locative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied by address rājan)
• the king who was broken/defeated (unnamed here)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights truthful reporting (yathāvṛttam) and the ethical need to evaluate speech arising from defeat and calamity; it suggests that words spoken in distress reveal character and the consequences of adharma in war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya addresses the king and prepares to recount, exactly as it happened, what a certain king said when overwhelmed—defeated and struck by misfortune—setting up the next lines as a report of that speech.