Shloka 31

Duryodhana’s Post-Duel Lament and Instructions (भग्नसक्थस्य विलापः)

Devanagari script

केशवस्य वच: श्र॒ुत्वा त्वमाणो5थ दारुक:

Transliteration

keśavasya vacaḥ śrutvā tvamāṇo ’tha dārukaḥ

Translation

毗舍波耶那说道：听闻凯沙瓦（Keśava，克里希那）之言后，达鲁迦立刻疾行——以严整而急切的行动奉行命令，正如一位恪尽职责的御者在战事重压下所当为。

Word by Word

• केशवस्य: of Keshava (Krishna)
• केशवस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: केशव
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• वचः: speech/words
• वचः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)

• त्वमाणः: hastening / moving quickly
• त्वमाणः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्वम् (धातु: त्वम्/त्वमँ)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अथ: then/thereupon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• दारुकः: Daruka (Krishna's charioteer)
• दारुकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दारुक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
• Dāruka

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights disciplined responsiveness to rightful instruction: Dāruka’s immediate action after hearing Keśava reflects dharma as prompt, faithful service—especially crucial in the moral and practical urgency of wartime.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana narrates that Dāruka, upon hearing Keśava’s instruction, quickly sets about executing it, indicating a transition from counsel/command to swift action within the Shalya Parva war narrative.