Shloka 51

Dvaipāyana-hrade Duryodhanasya Māyā — Yudhiṣṭhirasya Dharmoktiḥ (Śalya-parva, Adhyāya 30)

Devanagari script

अर्जुनो भीमसेनश्व माद्रीपुत्रौी च पाण्डवौ । धृष्टद्युम्नश्ष पाउ्चाल्य: शिखण्डी चापराजित:

Transliteration

arjuno bhīmasenaś ca mādrīputrau ca pāṇḍavau | dhṛṣṭadyumnaś ca pāñcālyaḥ śikhaṇḍī cāparājitaḥ ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：阿周那与怖摩塞那，以及摩德利所生的两位般度子；又有旁遮罗的德里什塔丢摩那，和不可战胜的尸佉ṇḍī（悉皆挺身而出/向前推进）。

Word by Word

• अर्जुनः: Arjuna
• अर्जुनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भीमसेनः: Bhimasena (Bhima)
• भीमसेनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• माद्रीपुत्रौ: the two sons of Madri (Nakula and Sahadeva)
• माद्रीपुत्रौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: माद्रीपुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पाण्डवौ: the two Pandavas
• पाण्डवौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• धृष्टद्युम्नः: Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पाञ्चाल्यः: the Panchala prince (Drupada's son; epithet)
• पाञ्चाल्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाञ्चाल्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शिखण्डी: Shikhandi
• शिखण्डी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिखण्डिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपराजितः: unconquered, undefeated
• अपराजितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपराजित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Arjuna
• Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
• Nakula
• Sahadeva
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Pāñcāla
• Śikhaṇḍī
• Pāṇḍavas
• Mādrī

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the ethical gravity of martial leadership: those who bear responsibility in war must stand with steadiness and purpose. By naming key champions and calling Śikhaṇḍī “unconquered,” it frames resolve and duty (kṣatriya-dharma) as central virtues amid destructive conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by listing prominent Pāṇḍava-side warriors—Arjuna, Bhīma, the twins Nakula and Sahadeva, along with Dhṛṣṭadyumna of the Pāñcālas and Śikhaṇḍī—indicating their presence/advance in the ongoing battle context of the Śalya Parva.