Shloka 4
शकुनिवधः — Sahadeva’s Slaying of Śakuni
with Ulūka’s fall
Devanagari script
परिश्रान्तश्न नकुल: सहदेवश्व भारत । योधयित्वा रणे पापान् धार्तराष्ट्रानू सहानुगान्
Transliteration
pariśrāntaś ca nakulaḥ sahadevaś ca bhārata | yodhayitvā raṇe pāpān dhārtarāṣṭrān sahānugān ||
Translation
三阇耶说道：“婆罗多啊，纳库拉与萨诃提婆也已疲惫至极；他们在战场上与持国之罪子及其随从鏖战不息。”
Word by Word
परिश्रान्तौexhausted (two)
परिश्रान्तौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिश्रान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
नकुलःNakula
नकुलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनकुल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सहदेवःSahadeva
सहदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसहदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
योधयित्वाhaving fought
योधयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पापान्sinful (ones)
पापान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपाप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धार्तराष्ट्रान्Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons / Kauravas
धार्तराष्ट्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सहानुगान्together with followers
सहानुगान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसहानुग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaD
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address 'Bhārata')N
NakulaS
SahadevaD
Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas)R
Raṇa (battlefield)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse underscores the human cost of war—exhaustion and strain—even for righteous warriors, while also framing the Kaurava side as morally culpable (“pāpān”), reflecting the epic’s ethical evaluation of motives and conduct in battle.
Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Nakula and Sahadeva, after fighting the Kauravas along with their followers on the battlefield, have become greatly fatigued.