Shloka 12

Devanagari script

अभ्यद्रवत राजानं प्रगृह्मान्यन्महद्‌ धनुः । ततो दुर्योधन संख्ये विव्याध दशभि: शरै:

Transliteration

abhyadravat rājānaṃ pragṛhṇānyan mahad dhanuḥ | tato duryodhanaḥ saṅkhye vivyādha daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：“他执起另一张大弓，径直冲向国王。随即在鏖战之中，难敌（Duryodhana）以十箭贯射于他。”

Word by Word

• अभ्यद्रवत्: ran towards / charged
• अभ्यद्रवत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-√द्रु (द्रवति)
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• राजानम्: the king
• राजानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्रगृह्मान्: seizing / taking up
• प्रगृह्मान्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-√ग्रह (गृह्णाति)
• Form: Present active participle (Śatṛ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अन्यत्: another
• अन्यत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• महत्: great
• महत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• धनुः: bow
• धनुः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनुस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• ततः: then / thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• दुर्योधनम्: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• संख्ये: in battle
• संख्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: संख्या
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• विव्याध: pierced / struck
• विव्याध: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-√व्यध् (विध्यति)
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• दशभिः: with ten
• दशभिः: Karana
• Type: Numeral (Adjective)
• Root: दशन्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• शरैः: arrows
• शरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duryodhana
• the king (rājā)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the kṣatriya world of the Mahābhārata: courage and initiative (charging with a great bow) meet immediate retaliation. Ethically, it reflects how warfare compresses moral life into duty, prowess, and consequence—where even a king is treated as a combatant, not as a protected figure.

What is happening in the narrative?

A warrior rushes at a king with a mighty bow. Duryodhana responds in the battle line by shooting and wounding him with ten arrows, marking a sharp turn in the exchange of attacks.