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Shloka 1

Kṛtavarmā–Sātyaki Chariot Duel and Kaurava Morale Shock (कृतवर्म-सात्यकि-द्वैरथम्)

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठका १ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल ७१ “लोक हैं।) #स्न्ैमा+ () अिन्‍मनन- विशो< ध्याय: धृष्टद्युम्नद्वारा राजा शाल्वके हाथीका और सात्यकिद्धारा राजा शाल्वका वध संजय उवाच संनिवृत्ते जनौघे तु शाल्वो म्लेच्छगणाधिप: । अभ्यवर्तत संक्रुद्ध: पाण्डवानां महद्‌ बलम्‌

sañjaya uvāca | sannivṛtte janaughe tu śālvo mlecchagaṇādhipaḥ | abhyavartata saṅkruddhaḥ pāṇḍavānāṃ mahad balam ||

桑阇耶说:大王,当俱卢一方的众军再度回身投入战斗之时,弥勒叉诸部之主沙尔瓦怒火冲天,挺进而来,要与般度军的强大兵力相抗。

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
संनिवृत्तेwhen (it/they) had returned/turned back
संनिवृत्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसं-नि-वृत्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
जनौघेin the mass/crowd of people
जनौघे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजनौघ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
शाल्वःShalva
शाल्वः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशाल्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
म्लेच्छगणाधिपःlord/chief of the Mleccha hosts
म्लेच्छगणाधिपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootम्लेच्छगणाधिप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभ्यवर्ततadvanced/turned towards, attacked
अभ्यवर्तत:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-√वृत्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
संक्रुद्धःenraged
संक्रुद्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंक्रुद्ध
FormPast passive participle (क्त) from √क्रुध् with prefix सं-, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
पाण्डवानाम्of the Pandavas
पाण्डवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
महत्great, huge
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बलम्army/force
बलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
S
Shalva (Śālva)
M
Mleccha hosts (mlecchagaṇa)
P
Pandavas (Pāṇḍavāḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how collective movements in war can reignite violence, and how anger (saṅkruddhaḥ) becomes a driving force that clouds judgment. In the Mahābhārata’s ethical frame, righteous action in battle is ideally governed by duty and restraint, whereas wrath tends to intensify destruction and disorder.

Sanjaya reports that the warriors have returned to the battlefield, and at that moment Śālva—leader of the Mleccha contingents—furiously advances to meet the Pāṇḍavas’ great army, signaling a renewed and intensified phase of combat.