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Shloka 58

Śalya–Yudhiṣṭhira Duel and the Discharge of the Śakti (शल्यवधप्रसङ्गः)

पुष्पिती शुशुभाते वै वसन्ते किंशुकौ यथा । दीप्यमानौ महात्मानौ प्राणद्यूतेन दुर्मदौ

puṣpitī śuśubhāte vai vasante kiṃśukau yathā | dīpyamānau mahātmānau prāṇadyūtena durmadau ||

三阇耶说道:“那两位大心之士光辉灿然,宛如春日盛放的金焰花树(kiṃśuka)。然而,被那鲁莽的‘以命为赌’——战阵中致命的赌局——所点燃,他们也因傲气而沉醉。”

पुष्पितीflowering
पुष्पिती:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपुष्पित (पुष्प + इत)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Dual
शुशुभातेshone, were splendid
शुशुभाते:
TypeVerb
Rootशुभ्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
वसन्तेin spring
वसन्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवसन्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
किंशुकौtwo kiṃśuka (palāśa) trees
किंशुकौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकिंशुक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
यथाas, like
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
दीप्यमानौblazing, radiant
दीप्यमानौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदीप्यमान (√दीप्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
महात्मानौtwo great-souled (heroes)
महात्मानौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
प्राणद्यूतेनby a life-stake game (wagering life)
प्राणद्यूतेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणद्यूत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
दुर्मदौtwo arrogant/intoxicated (with pride)
दुर्मदौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्मद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
किंशुक (Kiṃśuka tree)

Educational Q&A

Outer brilliance and martial excellence can coexist with inner moral danger: pride and intoxication with violence (‘staking one’s life’ as a gamble) can cloud judgment and hasten ruin. The verse cautions that splendor in war is ethically ambiguous when driven by arrogance.

Sañjaya describes two eminent fighters at the height of their radiance on the battlefield, comparing them to flaming kiṃśuka blossoms in spring. At the same time, he notes their overconfidence—fired up by the life-and-death gamble of combat.