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Shloka 5

शल्य–युधिष्ठिरयुद्धप्रारम्भः

Commencement of the Śalya–Yudhiṣṭhira Duel

पीडितं वीक्ष्य राजानं सोदर्या भरतर्षभ । महत्या सेनया सार्ध परिवत्र॒ु: सम पार्षतम्‌,भरतश्रेष्ठ! राजा दुर्योधनको पीड़ित हुआ देख उसके सारे भाइयोंने विशाल सेनाके साथ आकर धृष्टद्युम्नको घेर लिया

sañjaya uvāca | pīḍitaṃ vīkṣya rājānaṃ sodaryā bharatarṣabha | mahatyā senayā sārdhaṃ parivavruḥ samā pāṛṣatam ||

三阇耶说道:噢,婆罗多族中的雄牛!见难敌王(Duryodhana)陷于困迫,他的亲兄弟们便率领大军逼近,合围包困持军(Dhṛṣṭadyumna)。此景昭示战场之道:血亲之忠与护主之心使杀伐更炽,将个人效忠化为协同的武力行动。

पीडितम्afflicted, distressed
पीडितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपीडित (पीड् धातु, क्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वीक्ष्यhaving seen
वीक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवीक्ष्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
राजानम्the king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सोदर्याःbrothers (born of the same mother)
सोदर्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसोदर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
महत्याwith a great
महत्या:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
सेनयाarmy
सेनया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
सार्धम्together with
सार्धम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसार्धम्
परिवव्रुःthey surrounded, they encompassed
परिवव्रुः:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + ववृ (वृ धातु)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural
सम्completely, together (prefix-like particle)
सम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्
पार्षतम्the son of Pṛṣata (Dhr̥ṣṭadyumna)
पार्षतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार्षत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bharatarṣabha (addressed: Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
D
Duryodhana
D
Duryodhana's brothers (the Kauravas)
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
A
army (senā)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how loyalty to one’s leader and kin-solidarity can rapidly mobilize collective force in war; ethically, it shows the tension between protective duty (to one’s own) and the escalation of violence that such allegiance can produce.

Sañjaya reports that when Duryodhana is seen to be in distress on the battlefield, his brothers arrive with a large army and surround Dhṛṣṭadyumna, concentrating their forces against him.