Shloka 83

Sabhā Parva, Adhyāya 68 — Pāṇḍavānāṃ Vanavāsa-prasthānaḥ; Duḥśāsana-nindā; Pāṇḍava-pratijñāḥ

Devanagari script

अध्यूढायाश्व यद्‌ दुःखं साक्षिभिविहतस्य च । एतानि वै समान्याहुर्दु:खानि त्रिदिवेश्वरा:

Transliteration

adhyūḍhāyāśva yad duḥkhaṃ sākṣibhivihatasya ca | etāni vai samāny āhur duḥkhāni tridiveśvarāḥ ||

Translation

迦叶波说道：“被强夺为新妇之女的痛苦，与在众证人面前被击倒之人的痛苦——天界之主宣示：二者在苦的本性上并无差别。”

Word by Word

• अध्यूढायाः: of one who has been mounted (i.e., of a rider/one seated on a horse)
• अध्यूढायाः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्यूढा (अधि-√वह्, क्त)
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Singular

• अश्व: O horse
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• यत्: which/that
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• दुःखम्: sorrow, suffering
• दुःखम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• साक्षिभिः: by witnesses
• साक्षिभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: साक्षिन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• विहतस्य: of one who has been struck/defeated/repulsed
• विहतस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विहत (वि-√हन्, क्त)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एतानि: these
• एतानि: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• समानि: equal, alike
• समानि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural

• आहुः: they say/call
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अह् (ब्रू)
• Form: Perfect, Third, Plural

• दुःखानि: sufferings
• दुःखानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural

• त्रिदिवेश्वराः: the lords of heaven (gods)
• त्रिदिवेश्वराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिदिवेश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

कश्यप उवाच

Characters & Entities

• कश्यप (Kāśyapa)
• त्रिदिवेश्वराः (the gods / lords of heaven)
• साक्षि (witnesses)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Publicly witnessed injustice and the violation of a woman through forcible taking are both presented as grievous harms; the verse stresses that certain wrongs are intrinsically comparable in moral weight because they destroy dignity, safety, and social trust.

What is happening in the narrative?

Kāśyapa is speaking in a didactic context, classifying and comparing kinds of suffering recognized by higher authorities (the gods), to underline how serious these forms of wrongdoing are within dharma discourse.