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Shloka 3

प्रायात्‌ ततः सत्वरमुग्रवेगो यतो भीमस्तद्‌ बल॑ गन्तुमैच्छत्‌ । ततो<परे नागरथाश्रपत्तिभि: प्रत्युद्ययुस्तं कुरव: समन्तात्‌

sañjaya uvāca |

prāyāt tataḥ satvaram ugravego yato bhīmas tad balaṃ gantum aicchat |

tato 'pare nāga-rathāśva-pattibhiḥ pratyudyayus taṃ kuravaḥ samantāt ||

三阇耶说:随即,他的御者以骇人的速度驱车疾进,直奔毗摩欲抵达的那支军势。于是其余俱卢众携象兵、战车、马军与步卒,从四面八方涌出,合力迎击反攻。此景凸显毗摩誓将持国之子送往阎摩之界的凶烈决心,也显出俱卢众在战场义务与复仇之业愈发纠缠之际,群起抗拒的同心之力。

प्रायात्went forth / set out
प्रायात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-या (धातु: या)
Formलुङ् (aorist), 3, singular, parasmaipada
ततःthen / from there
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिक)
सत्वरम्quickly
सत्वरम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसत्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
उग्रवेगःhaving fierce speed
उग्रवेगः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्रवेग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
यतःwhere / whither
यतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतः (यद्-प्रातिपदिक)
भीमःBhima
भीमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, accusative, singular
बलम्army / force
बलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, accusative, singular
गन्तुम्to go
गन्तुम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Formtumun (infinitive)
ऐच्छत्desired / wished
ऐच्छत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (धातु)
Formलङ् (imperfect), 3, singular, parasmaipada
ततःthen
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिक)
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
नागरथाःelephants and chariots (troops with elephants/chariots)
नागरथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनागरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
अश्वपत्तिभिःwith cavalry / horse-troops
अश्वपत्तिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वपत्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formfeminine, instrumental, plural
प्रत्युद्ययुःwent forth against / advanced to meet
प्रत्युद्ययुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-उद्-या (धातु: या)
Formलिट् (perfect), 3, plural, parasmaipada
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
कुरवःthe Kurus
कुरवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
समन्तात्from all sides / on every side
समन्तात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्तात् (प्रातिपदिक/अव्यय)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīma (Bhīmasena)
K
Kuravaḥ (Kauravas)
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons (implied by context)
Y
Yamaloka (implied by context)
E
elephants
C
chariots
H
horses
I
infantry
C
charioteer (sūta, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the tension between personal wrath and battlefield duty: Bhīma’s lethal resolve meets the Kurus’ organized counteraction. Ethically, it reflects how kṣatriya-dharma can intensify conflict—valor and duty operate alongside vengeance, and collective responsibility shapes the course of violence.

At Bhīma’s urging, his charioteer drives rapidly toward the section of the enemy host Bhīma wants to strike. Seeing this, the other Kauravas mobilize a combined-arms response—elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry—attacking him from all directions.