Shloka 48

Devanagari script

इयेष निर्गन्तुमथो वनाय त॑ वासुदेव: प्रणतो5भ्युवाच

Transliteration

iyeṣa nirgantum atho vanāya taṁ vāsudevaḥ praṇato 'bhyuvāca

Translation

三阇耶说道：当他决意退身入林之时，婆苏提婆（克里希那）俯首致敬，恭谨地对他说话。此刻正是道义的转折点：退隐与出离并非以强力相逼，而是以敬语相劝，昭示即便身处危局，也当以谦卑与正语引导人心，而非以胁迫驱使。

Word by Word

• इयेष: wished/desired
• इयेष: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष्
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/परफेक्ट), 3, singular, परस्मैपद

• निर्गन्तुम्: to go out, to depart
• निर्गन्तुम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: निर्गम् (गम् + निर्)
• Form: तुमुन् (infinitive), active (sense)

• अथ: then/now
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• वनाय: to the forest
• वनाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन
• Form: neuter, dative, singular

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• वासुदेवः: Vasudeva (Krishna)
• वासुदेवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वासुदेव
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• प्रणतः: bowed down, having saluted
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-नम्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), masculine, nominative, singular

• अभ्युवाच: addressed/spoke to
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-वच्
• Form: लुङ् (aorist), 3, singular, परस्मैपद

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
• vana (forest)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A dharmic response to another’s decision—especially a decision toward withdrawal or renunciation—is to approach with humility and respectful speech. The verse highlights that moral guidance is best offered through reverence and dialogue, not domination.

What is happening in the narrative?

Someone is about to leave for the forest (a gesture often associated with exile, retreat, or renunciation). At that moment Vāsudeva, after bowing, addresses him—signaling an important intervention or counsel at a critical juncture.